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Chapter 2.

Related Work/Fundamentals

2.1. Intelligent Environments

Intelligent Environments (IE) are highly embedded, interactive spaces that aim to bring compu-

tation in to the real physical world [3]. They enhance the experience of everyday activities by

integrating heterogeneously distributed sensor-actuator systems into the environment and pro-

vide ambient services. They attempt to hide the complexity of the system and enable natural

interaction with it, such as voice, gesture, movement and context. The demands on these envi-

ronments are high, as they change constantly and nomadic devices, such as smartphones enable

interaction for the user all over the space. To meet these requirements, IE need to be adaptable,

self-organizing and provide autonomous reasoning, which is more than simply connecting diﬀerent

technologies [4].

One example of an IE is iDorm, as presented by Hagras et al. [5]. iDorm is a student’s dormi-

tory, equipped with several sensors and actuators as well as a mobile service robot. It utilizes

autonomous software programs (Intelligent Agents) exerting fuzzy-logic-based learning techniques

to predict and adapt to the user’s needs. Although its learning is personalized and a lifelong

task, an experiment showed that agents have a steep learning curve and require only few rules to

successfully create a comfortable environment.

Another example of IE is Microsoft’s Home OS project [6], an operating systems for centralized

control over home appliances. Home OS aims to oﬀer a pc-like abstraction for non-expert users

in order to facilitate the management and control of homes, as well as providing additional com-

munication to existing systems enabling interconnection between them. These systems, such as

Z-Wave

, ZigBee (section 2.2.4 on page 11) and X10 (section 2.2.4 on page 8), are integrated

either by purchasing apps in an app store, or by developing them with the Home OS SDK. In

contrast to iDorm, the single sensors and actuators themselves oﬀer little to no adaptive learning

mechanism.

http://www.z-wave.com

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